órával

órával is the instrumental case form of the Hungarian noun óra, which has two main meanings: clock (the device) and hour (the unit of time). The form órával is created by adding the instrumental suffix -val to the stem, following Hungarian vowel harmony. As an instrumental form, órával marks instrument or means used to perform an action, or a time span in certain temporal constructions.

In usage, órával primarily indicates instrument or means. For example, a sentence such as Az időt órával mérjük can be understood as “We measure time with a clock,” with órával denoting the instrument used. Another common usage is to express a time offset or duration. In phrases like tizenkét órával később, órával indicates a time span; for instance, A találkozó tizenkét órával később kezdődik means “The meeting starts twelve hours later.”

The form can also occur with numerals to specify amounts of time. This makes órával a versatile form for both instrument-related statements and temporal expressions. In Hungarian grammar, órával is one of several instrumental forms derived from noun roots; the choice between val/vel suffixes is determined by vowel harmony and the final letter of the stem.

In summary, órával is the instrumental version of óra, used to express “with a clock” or “by the hour” in the sense of a time offset, and more generally to indicate the instrument or means by which an action is performed.