ónæmisgalla

Ónæmisgalli refers to a deficiency or malfunction in the immune system. This can manifest in various ways, from a weakened ability to fight off infections to an overactive immune response that attacks the body's own tissues. These conditions can be congenital, meaning they are present at birth, or acquired later in life due to factors like illness, medication, or environmental exposures.

Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic disorders that impair the immune system's function. They can affect different parts of the immune system, such as B cells, T cells, or phagocytes, leading to a range of symptoms. For instance, individuals with certain primary immunodeficiencies may experience recurrent and severe infections that are difficult to treat.

Secondary immunodeficiencies are more common and develop as a result of other conditions or external factors. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is a well-known example where the virus attacks and destroys crucial immune cells. Other causes include malnutrition, certain cancers, and treatments like chemotherapy or immunosuppressive drugs used for organ transplants.

The diagnosis of ónæmisgalli often involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and specific laboratory tests to assess immune cell function and antibody levels. Treatment strategies vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of the immune deficiency. They can include medications to manage infections, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, or in some cases, bone marrow transplantation. Managing these conditions requires careful medical attention to prevent complications and improve the patient's quality of life.