întreinând

Întreinând is the non-finite form of the Romanian verb a întreține, meaning to maintain, to sustain, or to provide for. It denotes an ongoing action of keeping something in good condition or ensuring its continued function. In usage, it can describe the act of maintaining material things, as well as sustaining relations, institutions, or processes.

Etymology and spelling notes: The standard Romanian form is întreținând, with the letter ț. The variant întreinând appears in some texts as a nonstandard spelling or typographical variant. The verb a întreține is widely considered a loanword from French entretenir, itself from Latin roots related to holding or keeping. The gerund form retains the sense of ongoing maintenance or support.

Grammatical role and usage: Întreinând functions as a gerund (non-finite) and can introduce actions occurring simultaneously with another verb or describe the manner in which something is kept up. In formal writing Romanian often prefers constructions such as menținând or phrases using întreținerea to express maintenance, while the gerund remains common in descriptive or narrative prose.

Examples:

- El întreține casa în mod regulat. (He maintains the house regularly.)

- Întreținând relațiile cu clienții, compania a consolidat parteneriatele. (By maintaining relations with clients, the company strengthened partnerships.)

- În oraș, autoritățile investesc în întreținerea infrastructurii, asigurând servicii fiabile.

See also: întreținere (maintenance/upkeep), a întreține (to maintain), menținere.