ígneos

Igneos is a term derived from the Latin word "ignis," meaning fire. In geology, it refers to rocks formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock, known as magma or lava. These rocks are one of the three main rock types, alongside sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

Igneous rocks are broadly classified into two main categories based on their formation location: intrusive and extrusive. Intrusive igneous rocks, also called plutonic rocks, form when magma cools and solidifies slowly beneath the Earth's surface. This slow cooling allows for the formation of larger mineral crystals, giving these rocks a coarse-grained texture. Examples include granite and gabbro.

Extrusive igneous rocks, also called volcanic rocks, form when lava erupts onto the Earth's surface and cools rapidly. The quick cooling results in smaller mineral crystals, leading to a fine-grained texture. In some cases, cooling can be so rapid that no crystals form, creating a glassy texture, as seen in obsidian. Examples of extrusive rocks include basalt and rhyolite. The composition of igneous rocks, particularly the silica content, further classifies them into felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic types, each associated with different geological environments and mineral assemblages.