établis

Établi is the French term for a workbench, a sturdy table or bench used as a stable platform for woodworking, metalworking and other crafts. It serves to hold workpieces, support tasks such as planing, sawing, drilling and assembly, and provides a surface that can be worked on with hand tools. The plural étab lis refers to multiple workbenches.

Construction and features: Traditional étab lis have a solid top made of hardwood or laminated wood, mounted on a heavy frame. Tops are usually planed and smooth, with a finished edge. Common features include a vise mounted on the front edge, holes and slots to accept bench dogs or clamps, and sometimes a planing stop or other holdfast devices. Many benches also provide storage such as drawers or shelves beneath the top. Modern versions range from simple, portable benches to large, fixed units in professional workshops.

Materials and design: The most common construction uses hardwood lumber such as beech or maple for the top and a sturdy frame to resist racking. The height is typically chosen to place the forearm parallel to the top when standing, often around elbow height for a standing worker, with variations for seated use. Some benches are modular or folding for small spaces.

Usage and culture: In French-speaking workshops, the phrase à l’établi and to be at the établi describe working at the bench. The term étab lis reflects a long tradition of skilled handwork, dating back to medieval guild shops, where reliable benches were essential tools.