értékpapírtípusok

értékpapírtípusok

An értékpapír, or security, is a fungible financial instrument that represents a monetary value. These instruments can be traded in financial markets and are typically issued by corporations or governments to raise capital. There are several primary categories of értékpapírok, each with distinct characteristics and rights conferred upon the holder.

The most common types include stocks (részvények) and bonds (kötvények). Stocks represent ownership in a corporation and entitle the holder to a portion of the company's profits, often distributed as dividends, and to voting rights in corporate matters. Bonds, on the other hand, represent a loan made by the investor to the issuer. The issuer promises to repay the principal amount of the loan on a specified maturity date and usually pays periodic interest payments, known as coupons.

Other significant categories include investment fund units (befektetési alapok jegyei), which represent a share in a diversified portfolio of assets managed by a professional fund manager. Derivatives (származtatott értékpapírok) are another important class, where the value of the instrument is derived from an underlying asset, such as a stock, bond, commodity, or currency. Options and futures are common examples of derivatives. Finally, there are also other types such as certificates of deposit (betéti tanúsítványok) and commercial paper (váltók), which are short-term debt instruments. The classification of an értékpapír determines its risk profile, potential returns, and the rights and obligations of its holder.