électrolytique

Électrolytique refers to processes involving electrolysis. Electrolysis is a technique that uses a direct electric current to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. In this process, an electrolytic cell is used. This cell contains an electrolyte, which is a substance that contains free ions and can conduct electricity. The electrolyte is typically a molten salt or an aqueous solution of an ionic compound.

When an electric current is passed through the electrolyte via electrodes, a chemical change occurs at the electrodes. At the anode, oxidation takes place, meaning a substance loses electrons. At the cathode, reduction occurs, meaning a substance gains electrons. This movement of ions and electrons facilitates the chemical transformation.

Electrolytic processes are fundamental to many industrial applications. They are used in the production of various metals, such as aluminum, copper, and sodium, through processes like the Hall-Héroult process for aluminum. Electrolysis is also employed in electroplating, where a thin layer of one metal is deposited onto another for decorative or protective purposes. Furthermore, it plays a role in the purification of metals and in the production of chemicals like chlorine and sodium hydroxide. The efficiency and outcome of an electrolytic process depend on factors such as the nature of the electrolyte, the electrode materials, and the current density applied.