äußeren

äußeren is the inflected form of the German adjective meaning outer or external. It does not function as a separate word on its own but as a grammatical ending used when ä u ss is describing a noun in attributive position, following the rules of German adjective declension. The ending -en appears in several common cases, especially after definite articles or in plural.

Common usages include:

- Den äußeren Rand (the outer edge) — masculine accusative singular after a definite article.

- Dem äußeren Rand or dem äußeren Teil (to the outer edge, to the outer part) — dative singular.

- Die äußeren Ränder (the outer edges) — plural nominative or accusative.

- Den äußeren Rändern (to the outer edges) — plural dative.

- Der äußeren Kante (to the outer edge of a feminine noun in the dative singular) as another illustration of -en in feminine singular with a definite determiner.

These forms illustrate how ä u ss en is used across genders and numbers. In other contexts, such as with indefinite articles or without a determiner, the ending changes according to the mixed or strong declension rules (for example, einen äußeren Rand or eine äußere Kante). The precise form depends on case, gender, number, and the presence of a determiner.

Etymology and related forms: the adjective is derived from the root meaning outside, outer, connected to the base word au- in German. The corresponding noun form das Äußere can refer to appearance or exterior, while ä u ss ern continues to appear in combinations with nouns to express exterior or external attributes.

See also: Außen (outside, external), Äußeres (neuter noun meaning appearance or exterior).