ákvörðun

Ákvörðun is a formal decision or ruling issued by a person or body with authority that determines rights, duties, or actions in a specific case. It is typically binding on the parties affected and may be subject to review or appeal under the applicable legal framework. In Icelandic usage, it can refer to decisions by courts, administrative agencies, or other authorities.

Etymology: The term derives from the verb ákveða, meaning to decide, with the noun-forming suffix -un. The word has roots in Old Norse and is used across Icelandic legal and administrative language.

Content and form: An ákvörðun typically states the decision itself, the factual and legal grounds, the relevant law, and the date of entry into force. It may specify conditions or obligations and any deadlines or consequences. Most decisions are issued in writing and communicated to the affected parties, sometimes with a summary of the reasoning.

Process and review: Making an ákvörðun usually involves evaluating facts, applying legal rules, and ensuring due process. Affected persons often have rights to comment or to appeal to a higher authority or court within set time limits. Depending on the system, decisions can be stayed or revised on review.

Impact and examples: Decisions create enforceable effects such as granting or denying permits, imposing sanctions, determining eligibility, or changing a legal status. Examples include court judgments (dómur) and administrative decisions (úrskurður), regulatory orders, or corporate board resolutions.

See also: Úrskurður, dómur, reglugerð, tilskipun.