ácétát

Ácétát is the common name for the acetate ion, which is the conjugate base of acetic acid. Its chemical formula is CH3COO-. The acetate ion is a functional group and a substituent in organic chemistry, characterized by a carbonyl group bonded to a methyl group. It is a weak base and readily forms salts with various cations, such as sodium acetate (CH3COONa) and potassium acetate (CH3COOK). These salts often have high water solubility.

Acetate esters are formed by the reaction of acetic acid with an alcohol. These compounds are prevalent in nature and have a wide range of applications. For example, ethyl acetate is a common solvent used in nail polish removers and glues. Vinyl acetate monomer is a crucial precursor for the production of polyvinyl acetate, a polymer found in paints, adhesives, and textiles. Cellulose acetate, derived from cellulose and acetic anhydride, is used in photographic film, cigarette filters, and synthetic fibers.

In biological systems, acetate is a metabolite produced during the fermentation of carbohydrates by certain bacteria and is also a product of ethanol metabolism in animals. It plays a role in fatty acid synthesis and other metabolic pathways. The scent of vinegar is largely due to the presence of acetic acid, which dissociates to form acetate ions in aqueous solutions.