Ögonbottenfotografi

Ögonbottenfotografi, or fundus photography, is the medical imaging method used to photograph the interior surface of the eye—the fundus—comprising the retina, optic disc, macula, and retinal vessels. The term is Swedish for photographing the fundus.

Equipment and technique: A fundus camera captures color images of the retina. Images can be taken with pupil dilation (mydriasis) or, in some devices, without dilation (non-mydriatic). Wide-field and ultra-wide-field cameras extend peripheral retina imaging. Red-free and color modes enhance certain structures.

Applications: Primarily used for screening, documentation, and monitoring of retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vascular occlusions, and hypertensive retinopathy. It is common in primary care and ophthalmology clinics and in telemedicine for remote grading.

Procedures and limitations: Requires patient cooperation; media opacities (cataract, vitreous haze) and small pupil reduce image quality. Fluorescein angiography may be used to assess retinal circulation, requiring intravenous dye and higher risk; optical coherence tomography (OCT) is often used alongside for cross-sectional details.

History and context: Early retina photography emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, evolving from the ophthalmoscope and photographic plates to modern digital cameras.