Åndedrætsfunktion

Åndedrætsfunktion refers to the physiological processes involved in breathing. It encompasses the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide, a vital gas exchange process for sustaining life. This function is primarily controlled by the respiratory system, which includes the lungs, diaphragm, and associated muscles.

The process begins with inhalation, where the diaphragm contracts and flattens, and the intercostal muscles lift the rib cage. This expansion of the thoracic cavity reduces pressure within the lungs, drawing air in through the nose and mouth, down the trachea, and into the bronchi and bronchioles, eventually reaching the alveoli. Within the alveoli, oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.

Exhalation is largely a passive process. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, causing the thoracic cavity to decrease in volume. This increases the pressure within the lungs, forcing the carbon dioxide-rich air out of the body. The rate and depth of breathing are regulated by the brainstem in response to the body's metabolic needs and blood gas levels. Factors like exercise, stress, and illness can significantly alter åndedrætsfunktion.