Átakakenningar

Átakakenningar, often translated as "conflict theories," is a broad sociological perspective that views society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and social change. Instead of focusing on consensus and stability, as functionalism does, conflict theories emphasize the role of power, coercion, and domination in shaping social structures and interactions. Key to this perspective is the idea that social order is maintained not by shared values but by the power of dominant groups to impose their will upon subordinate groups.

These theories suggest that social institutions, such as government, education, and the economy, are not neutral but serve the interests of the powerful. Resources, wealth, and status are unevenly distributed, leading to inherent tensions between different social classes, ethnic groups, genders, or other social categories. This inequality, according to conflict theorists, is the primary driver of social problems and necessitates social transformation to achieve a more equitable society.

Prominent figures associated with conflict theory include Karl Marx, who analyzed class conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat, and Max Weber, who expanded the concept of conflict to include power derived from status and authority, not just economic class. While Marx focused on economic exploitation, later conflict theorists have broadened the scope to address conflicts arising from racial, gender, and other forms of social stratification. The core idea remains that conflict is a fundamental and pervasive aspect of social life, shaping societal development and transformation.