záróhangokplosívok

Záróhangokplosívok, also known as voiced stops or voiced plosives, are a class of speech sounds produced by stopping the airflow completely in the vocal tract and then releasing it with a burst of sound. The key characteristic that distinguishes them from voiceless stops is the vibration of the vocal cords during their production. In phonetics, they are classified by their place of articulation, which refers to where in the mouth the airflow is obstructed.

The most common voiced stops in many languages include the bilabial sound /b/, produced by closing the lips; the alveolar sound /d/, made by touching the tip of the tongue to the alveolar ridge behind the upper teeth; and the velar sound /g/, formed by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate. These sounds are often found in pairs with their voiceless counterparts, such as /p/, /t/, and /k/, with the primary difference being the presence or absence of vocal cord vibration.

The production of a voiced stop involves three stages: closure, where the airflow is stopped; release, where the obstruction is removed, creating an audible burst; and aspiration, which is a brief puff of air following the release, though aspiration is generally less prominent in voiced stops compared to their voiceless counterparts in many languages. The perception of voiced stops can be influenced by factors such as the duration of the closure and the timing of vocal cord vibration relative to the release of the stop. They play a crucial role in distinguishing word meanings in numerous languages.