zwrotowi

Zwrotowi is the dative singular form of the Polish noun zwrot. The base noun zwrot has several related meanings in Polish, including a return or refund (as in zwrot pieniędzy), a turning movement or change of direction (zwrot w lewo), and a fixed expression or turn of phrase (zwrot as an idiom or wording). Because zwrot is a masculine, inanimate noun, zwrotowi follows the standard patterns of masculine, hard-stem nouns in Polish.

In grammar, zwrotowi serves as the indirect object or complements that require the dative case. It appears in sentences where something is given to, owed to, or directed toward someone or something, or where a verb or preposition governs the dative. The dative form is particularly common after verbs that imply giving, sending, or transforming with a beneficiary.

Etymologically, zwrot derives from the verb zwrócić, meaning to turn back or to return, with the noun-forming suffix -ot. The sense of “return” or “turn” underpins all of its uses, including figurative ones such as a linguistic or stylistic turn of phrase.

Typical usage notes: zwrotowie is encountered in both everyday and formal language, most often when the surrounding sentence requires a dative object. In plural, related forms appear as zwroty (for the plural of zwrot in the sense of phrases or returns), zwrotów in genitive, and zwrocie in locative contexts, depending on the sentence structure.

See also: zwrot, zwroty, zwrócić.