zwalczane

Zwalczane is the present passive participle form of the Polish verb zwalczać, meaning to counteract, combat or eradicate. In grammar it functions as an adjective or as part of a passive predicate, describing nouns that are the object of counteraction. It agrees with the noun in gender and number, and it commonly appears before or after the noun in natural Polish phrases such as zwalczane choroby or metody zwalczane.

It is formed from the verb zwalczać with the participial suffix -ane. It is widely used in formal and semi-formal prose, especially in health, agriculture, security, and public policy to indicate ongoing or general countermeasures against a problem.

Examples include zwalczane choroby (diseases that are being fought) and zwalczane szkodniki (pests under control) in public-health and agricultural contexts. The form is common in official reports and academic writing when describing ongoing countermeasures.

Notes: zwalczane is not a standalone noun; it is a participial form that can function attributively or predicatively. It should not be confused with zwalczanie, the noun denoting the act of countering, or with other participles such as zwalczony (counteracted, defeated) and zwalczający (countering).