zonificación

Zonificación, also known as zoning, is a land-use planning tool used by local governments to regulate how property can be used within a given area. This process divides a municipality into different zones, each with specific regulations regarding permitted activities, building heights, density, and other development standards. The primary purpose of zoning is to promote public health, safety, and general welfare by separating incompatible land uses, preventing overcrowding, and ensuring orderly development.

Common zoning categories include residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, and mixed-use. Residential zones might specify single-family homes, multi-family dwellings, or mobile home parks, with varying lot size and setback requirements. Commercial zones are designated for businesses, retail stores, and offices. Industrial zones are typically set aside for manufacturing and heavy industry, often located away from residential areas to minimize noise and pollution. Agricultural zones protect farmland and rural landscapes, while mixed-use zones allow for a combination of residential, commercial, and sometimes light industrial uses within the same area, aiming to create more walkable and vibrant neighborhoods.

Zoning ordinances are established through a legislative process and are legally binding. Deviations from zoning regulations often require a variance or a rezoning, which typically involves public hearings and approval from planning commissions and governing bodies. While zoning aims to create order and protect property values, it can also be controversial, with critics arguing that it can restrict property rights, increase housing costs, and contribute to urban sprawl. Effective zoning is considered a crucial component of comprehensive land-use planning, helping communities achieve their development goals and maintain a desirable quality of life.