znakami

Znakami is the instrumental plural form of the Polish noun znak, meaning sign or symbol. In Polish grammar, the instrumental case expresses means, manner, or instrument, and znakami is used when referring to multiple signs or symbols employed as a medium or tool.

Grammatically, znak is a masculine noun, and znakami is its instrumental plural. It appears in contexts that describe how something is done or communicated, for example: "Ludzie porozumiewali się znakami," meaning "People communicated by signs."

Usage notes: znakami should not be confused with znaki (nominative plural) or znaków (genitive plural). The instrumental form is common after verbs or prepositional phrases that denote means, such as "za pomocą znaków" (by means of signs) or "przy użyciu znaków" (using signs). In everyday language, speakers often prefer explicit phrases that specify the medium, but znakami remains correct in clauses where the signs function as the instrument of an action.

See also: znak, znaki, znaków, semiotyka. The term znakami is primarily a grammatical form rather than a standalone lexical item, and it appears across contexts where signs or symbols are described as tools or means of communication.