zmiováno

Zmiováno is a Czech linguistic term referring to the neuter singular past passive participle of the verb zmiňovat ("to mention"). In usage, zmiováno denotes that something has been mentioned or noted, typically in formal or technical writing.

Morphology and usage: As the neuter singular past passive participle, zmiováno agrees with neuter nouns or with impersonal constructions such as "je zmiňováno" (it is mentioned) or "jak bylo zmiňováno" (as was mentioned). The related forms include zmiňovaný (masc.), zmiňovaná (fem.), and zmiňováno (neuter). It frequently appears in clauses that refer back to a previously stated point, for example "V kapitole páté je zmiňováno, že opatření byla schválena" and "Jak bylo zmiňováno výše, data byla shromážděna v květnu."

Etymology and semantic notes: zmiňovat originates from the Czech verb zmiňovat; the past passive participle is formed with the suffix -ováno. The noun zmiňování denotes the act of mentioning. Zmiováno conveys a neutral report of a mention, rather than attributing responsibility.

Usage context: It is used primarily in formal writing, such as academic papers, official reports, and legal texts, to refer to something that has been mentioned elsewhere in the text. In translation, it is commonly rendered as "mentioned" or as part of phrases like "as mentioned above." See also: zmiňovat, zmiňování.