zirconiumchloride

Zirconium chloride, commonly called zirconium tetrachloride, is the inorganic compound with the formula ZrCl4. It is a colorless to white solid that is volatile and highly reactive with water and air. In solution, ZrCl4 acts as a Lewis acid and is widely used as a precursor to other zirconium compounds.

Preparation and structure: ZrCl4 is produced by direct chlorination of zirconium metal or zirconia (zirconium oxide) at elevated temperature. In the solid state it forms polymeric networks of zirconium centers bridged by chloride ligands; in the gas phase it can exist as discrete molecular species such as monomers or small oligomers. It hydrolyzes readily upon contact with moisture to give zirconium oxychloride and hydrochloric acid.

Reactions and applications: ZrCl4 serves as a versatile precursor for zirconium alkoxides and oxide materials and as a powerful Lewis acid catalyst. It is used in the preparation of zirconium-based catalysts for polymerization and in the synthesis of ceramics and advanced materials. It can also be employed as a volatile feedstock in chemical vapor deposition to obtain zirconium-containing films.

Safety and handling: ZrCl4 is moisture sensitive and reacts vigorously with water, releasing corrosive hydrogen chloride. It should be handled under an inert atmosphere in a fume hood, with appropriate personal protective equipment. Hydrolysis products are corrosive and contact with skin or eyes can cause irritation.