zbywalne

Zbywalne is a Polish adjective meaning capable of being disposed of, transferred, or alienated. In law and economics, it applies to assets, rights, and instruments that may be transferred from one person to another, typically through sale, gift, or assignment, subject to applicable formalities and restrictions.

In civil law, a thing or right that can be transferred is described as zbywalny. The term is used with categories such as ruchomości zbywalne (movable property) and nieruchomości zbywalne (real property), as well as with financial instruments. Papiery wartościowe zbywalne, or transferable securities, include stocks and bonds that can be bought and sold on secondary markets. Their transfer is governed by civil law and financial regulations and often requires endorsement, transfer of title, or registration.

Restrictions exist: some rights are personal in nature and non-zbywalne, meaning they cannot be transferred without consent or lose their essential character if separated from the original holder. Contracts may expressly prohibit assignment; certain licenses or permits may be non-transferable. Real estate transfers require formal steps (notarial deed, entry in land and mortgage register) and may be subject to additional restrictions (e.g., zoning, consent).

Etymology: zbywalny stems from zbycie ("sale", "alienation") and is related to zbywalność ("transferability"). The concept is fundamental for market liquidity, asset pricing, and the functioning of economic exchange in Polish law.