zawiera

Zawiera is the third person singular present tense of the Polish verb zawierać, meaning to contain or to include. The infinitive is zawierać. It is an imperfective verb, used to describe an ongoing or general state rather than a completed act.

As a transitive verb, zawiera takes a direct object in the accusative and describes what something has inside or comprises. Common usage describes elements, components, or contents. Examples: Ta książka zawiera 320 stron. Lista zawiera błędy. Dieta ta zawiera dużo błonnika. In these contexts zawiera communicates the explicit content or makeup of the subject.

Past tense forms of zawiera occur and agree with the subject in gender and number. Examples include zawierałem (I contained, masculine), zawierałam (I contained, feminine), zawierał (he contained), zawierała (she contained), zawierało (it contained), zawierali (they contained). An illustrative sentence: Wczoraj ta książka zawierała wiele błędów. The choice of form depends on the speaker’s gender and the subject’s plurality.

Zawiera can be contrasted with related verbs that express similar ideas with different nuance. Obejmować emphasizes overall scope or coverage, while składać się z describes the components or elements of something. For instance, Książka zawiera 320 stron vs Książka obejmuje 320 stron; Książka składa się z 320 stron describes the structure rather than the explicit count.

In contemporary Polish, zawiera is widely used in non-literal and technical contexts, including journalism, education, data descriptions, and nutrition labeling, where it clearly attributes content or composition to a subject.