zahrnuje

Zahrnuje is a Czech verb meaning includes or encompasses. It is most commonly the 3rd person singular present tense form of the verb zahrnovat, an imperfective verb meaning to include or to comprise. In everyday usage it signals that something is part of a larger whole, such as a list, a document, a program, or a set of items.

Grammatically, zahrnuje is transitive and takes a direct object in the accusative. Example sentences include: "Kniha zahrnuje kapitoly o historii umění." and "Tento program zahrnuje kurzy, semináře a online materiály." The phrase can also express inclusiveness in broader terms, as in "Zahrnuje i zahraniční partnery."

The term is common in formal writing, descriptions of contents, legal texts, catalogs, and program schedules. It is a close synonym of "obsahuje" but with the nuance of signaling inclusion as a component of a whole rather than mere containment.

Notes on aspect and related forms: Czech verb pairs with other forms such as zahrnout (perfective) and zahrnovat (imperfective) to express different temporal nuances. In many contexts, including lists or descriptions of what something contains, zahrnuje effectively conveys the sense of an ongoing or current inclusion within a defined set.

See also: zahrnout, zahrnovat, obsahuje.