zahrnout

Zahrnout is a Czech transitive verb meaning to include, to enclose, or to cover something within a larger whole. The primary sense is to place a item or itemized element within a set, plan, document, or calculation. It is also used in a physical sense to indicate covering or burying something under a layer, such as snow or debris.

The word is typically used with the preposition do to indicate inclusion into a group or container, for example, zahrnout do rozpočtu (to include in the budget), zahrnout do seznamu (to include in a list), or zahrnout do výpočtu (to include in a calculation). In narrative or formal writing it can mean that information or facts are incorporated into a text or report, as in zahrnout do zprávy. The imperfective counterpart is zahrnovat, which describes ongoing or repeated inclusion, while zahrnout itself is the perfective form used for completed actions.

Usage notes: zahrnout emphasizes the act of placing something within a defined boundary or scope, while synonyms such as obsáhnout or zahrnout do (with a nuance of spanning or encompassing) can be used in broader or more formal contexts. Zařadit is related but more specifically means to classify or assign something to a category rather than simply include it.

Etymology: the verb is formed from prefix za- and the root hrnout, with a sense of pushing or piling up, which in turn yields the idea of placing something within a boundary or covering it.