whakaari

Whakaari, also known as White Island, is a volcanic island located in the Bay of Plenty region of New Zealand. Situated approximately 48 kilometers off the eastern coast of the North Island, it is the most prominent of a group of small islands known as the Whakaari Group. The island covers an area of about 2.4 square kilometers and is renowned for its volcanic activity, which has shaped its landscape and made it a popular destination for tourists seeking adventure and natural wonders.

Whakaari is part of the Taupō Volcanic Zone, a region known for its frequent volcanic eruptions. The island itself is a stratovolcano, characterized by its steep slopes and explosive eruption history. The most recent significant eruption occurred on December 9, 2019, resulting in the loss of 22 lives and causing widespread damage. This event highlighted the island’s unpredictable nature and the risks associated with visiting active volcanic sites.

Before the 2019 eruption, Whakaari was a popular tourist attraction, offering guided tours that allowed visitors to explore its geothermal features, such as steam vents, hot springs, and sulfur deposits. The island’s unique ecosystem includes native bird species like the kākāriki parakeet and the takahē, as well as introduced species such as goats and rabbits. Efforts have been made to manage the island’s wildlife, including predator control programs to protect native birds.

Geologically, Whakaari is composed of layers of lava, ash, and volcanic rock, with ongoing hydrothermal activity contributing to its steam emissions. The island’s name, *Whakaari*, comes from the Māori language and is said to mean "smoking" or "steaming," reflecting its volcanic activity. The island is also of cultural significance to the Māori people, who have long recognized its spiritual and natural importance.

Due to the 2019 eruption, access to Whakaari has been restricted, and ongoing monitoring is conducted by the New Zealand Geological and Nuclear Sciences Institute (GNS Science) to assess its volcanic activity. While the island remains a site of scientific interest, safety concerns have led to temporary closures and restrictions on tourism.