waveformformen

Waveformformen is a term encountered in signal processing and German-language technical texts to describe the different shapes of time-varying signals. Literally, it is the plural of "Waveformform" or, more simply, "forms of waveforms." The concept covers idealized mathematical shapes as well as practical waveforms produced by electronic equipment.

In mathematical terms, a waveform is a function x(t) describing amplitude over time. Periodic waveforms are often analyzed by Fourier decomposition, showing that most shapes consist of a fundamental frequency and a set of harmonics. Common waveformformen include sine, square, triangle, and sawtooth waves, along with customized arbitrary shapes used in synthesizers and test equipment.

Spectral properties vary by form: sine waves are spectrally pure; square and sawtooth contain strong odd and even harmonics; triangle is rich in odd harmonics with decreasing amplitude. These differences affect perceived timbre in audio and influence modulation bandwidth in communications.

Generation and measurement: Waveformformen are produced by oscillators, function generators, or digital synthesis systems and converted to analog form by DACs. In laboratories, arbitrary waveform generators can produce complex shapes; measurements use oscilloscopes and spectrum analyzers to verify form and harmonic content.

See also: waveform, Fourier series, harmonic distortion.