vércsoportra

Vércsoportra, often translated as blood type, refers to the classification of human blood based on the presence or absence of specific inherited antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The most well-known blood group system is the ABO system, which categorizes blood into four main types: A, B, AB, and O. This classification is determined by the presence of A and B antigens. Type A blood has A antigens, type B has B antigens, type AB has both A and B antigens, and type O has neither.

Another crucial blood group system is the Rh system, which identifies the presence or absence of the Rh D antigen. Individuals with the Rh D antigen are considered Rh-positive, while those without it are Rh-negative. The combination of ABO and Rh typing results in eight common blood types: A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, and O-.

Understanding blood types is vital for safe blood transfusions. Certain antibodies exist in the plasma that can react against foreign antigens on transfused red blood cells, leading to potentially life-threatening transfusion reactions. For example, a person with type A blood has anti-B antibodies and cannot receive blood from a type B or type AB donor. Type O-negative blood is considered a universal donor because its red blood cells lack A, B, and Rh D antigens. Conversely, type AB-positive blood is the universal recipient as it lacks both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, and possesses the Rh D antigen. Blood typing is also important in prenatal care to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn.