væskebalans

Væskebalans, often translated as fluid balance, refers to the dynamic equilibrium between the amount of fluid in the body and the amount of fluid leaving the body. This delicate balance is crucial for maintaining normal physiological functions. The body's water content is distributed between intracellular fluid (within cells) and extracellular fluid (outside cells), which includes plasma in the blood and interstitial fluid surrounding tissues.

Intake of fluids primarily occurs through drinking and eating, with a smaller contribution from metabolic water produced during cellular respiration. Output of fluids is mainly through urine production by the kidneys, but also includes insensible losses from the skin (sweat) and lungs (respiration), as well as feces. The kidneys play a central role in regulating væskebalans by adjusting the volume and concentration of urine excreted. Hormones like antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone are key players in this regulatory process, signaling the kidneys to conserve or excrete water and electrolytes as needed.

Disruptions in væskebalans can lead to either dehydration (a deficit of body water) or fluid overload (an excess of body water). Dehydration can result from insufficient intake, excessive losses, or conditions like vomiting and diarrhea. Fluid overload can be caused by excessive intake, impaired kidney function, or certain medical conditions. Maintaining proper væskebalans is essential for nutrient transport, waste removal, temperature regulation, and cell function.