vävnadssvält

Vävnadssvält, also known as tissue ischemia, is a medical condition where blood flow to a specific tissue or organ is insufficient to meet its metabolic demands. This reduced blood supply leads to a lack of oxygen and nutrients, which are essential for cellular function and survival. When tissues are deprived of oxygen for an extended period, cellular damage and death can occur, a process known as infarction.

The causes of vävnadssvält are varied and can include arterial blockages due to atherosclerosis, blood clots (thrombosis or embolism), compression of blood vessels, or severe blood loss (hypovolemia). Conditions that can lead to these blockages include heart disease, peripheral artery disease, and stroke. Systemic conditions that affect blood circulation, such as shock or severe anemia, can also result in widespread vävnadssvält.

Symptoms of vävnadssvält depend on the affected area. For instance, in the limbs, it may manifest as pain, numbness, coldness, and paleness, while in the heart, it can cause chest pain (angina). In the brain, it can lead to stroke symptoms like weakness, difficulty speaking, or vision problems.

Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI to assess blood flow and identify blockages. Blood tests may also be used to check for markers of tissue damage.

Treatment aims to restore adequate blood flow to the affected tissue. This can involve medications to dissolve blood clots (thrombolytics), surgical procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery to open blocked arteries, or addressing the underlying cause of reduced blood flow. Prompt treatment is crucial to prevent irreversible tissue damage and improve prognosis.