vätskecirkulationskretslopp

Vätskecirkulation (fluid circulation) refers to the movement of liquids through a network or environment, enabling the transfer of heat, nutrients, wastes, or mechanical energy. Circulation systems are characterized by a closed loop or open pathway, driven by pressure differences generated by pumps, gravity, or natural pressure gradients.

In biological systems the term is most often used to describe the cardiovascular circulation, where the heart acts as a central pump pushing blood through arteries, capillaries, and veins. Fluid movement also occurs in the brain—cerebrospinal fluid circulation—and in the lymphatic system, which transports immune cells and waste products. Circulation is tightly regulated to maintain pressure, flow, and composition of fluids in tissues.

In engineering and industry, Vätskecirkulation describes closed or open fluid circuits used for cooling, heating, or transport. Common components include pumps, pipes or channels, valves, reservoirs, and heat exchangers. Governing principles include pressure and flow rate, friction losses (hydraulic resistance), and energy efficiency. Design focuses on minimizing leaks, cavitation, and maintenance needs.

Geophysical processes also rely on fluid circulation, such as atmospheric and oceanic circulation, groundwater flow, and the hydrological cycle, which distributes fresh water and regulates climate. Measurement and analysis use parameters such as volumetric flow, pressure, temperature, and fluid properties (viscosity, density).