välikieli

Välikieli is a Finnish term that translates to "intermediate language" or "interlanguage." It refers to the linguistic system that a learner of a second language (L2) develops and uses as they progress towards proficiency. This system is distinct from both the learner's first language (L1) and the target L2.

The concept of välikieli is central to Second Language Acquisition (SLA) theory. It acknowledges that learners do not simply transfer rules from their L1 to the L2, nor do they instantly acquire the L2's grammatical and phonetic systems. Instead, they construct a dynamic and evolving set of rules and patterns that often exhibits unique characteristics. These characteristics may include errors (deviations from the L2 norm), overgeneralizations of L2 rules, and the incorporation of elements from their L1.

Researchers study välikieli to understand the cognitive processes involved in language learning. By analyzing learners' speech and writing, they can identify common patterns, developmental stages, and the underlying linguistic principles that guide the learner's hypothesis testing about the L2. The existence of välikieli suggests that language learning is an active and creative process, rather than a passive reception of information. Understanding välikieli helps educators design more effective teaching strategies by anticipating common learner challenges and supporting the natural development of the intermediate linguistic system.