váltóárammal

Váltóáram, often abbreviated as AC (Alternating Current), is an electric current which periodically reverses direction and changes its magnitude continuously with time, in contrast to direct current (DC) which flows only in one direction. The waveform of AC is typically sinusoidal, meaning the voltage and current vary according to a sine wave. This sinusoidal nature is crucial for efficient transmission of electricity over long distances.

The primary advantage of AC over DC for power transmission lies in the ease with which its voltage can be transformed. Transformers, devices that can increase or decrease AC voltage, are essential components of the electrical grid. High voltages are used for transmission to minimize power loss due to resistance in the wires, and then these voltages are stepped down to safer levels for distribution to homes and businesses.

Key characteristics of AC include its frequency, measured in Hertz (Hz), which represents the number of complete cycles of the waveform per second. In many parts of the world, the standard frequency is 50 Hz or 60 Hz. The voltage and current also have an amplitude, which is the peak value of the waveform. Most household appliances and electronic devices are designed to operate on AC power. The generation of AC is typically achieved through rotating machines called alternators, which are driven by mechanical energy from sources like turbines powered by steam, water, or wind.