vállízületet

The shoulder joint, known in Hungarian as the vállízület, is a complex ball-and-socket joint that connects the arm to the shoulder blade. It is the most mobile joint in the human body, allowing for a wide range of motion in multiple directions. This extensive mobility, however, also makes it susceptible to injury and instability. The primary bones involved are the humerus (upper arm bone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the clavicle (collarbone). The head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula, forming the main shoulder joint, also called the glenohumeral joint. Additional structures contributing to shoulder function and stability include the rotator cuff muscles, ligaments, and the joint capsule. The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and their tendons that surround the shoulder joint, providing both dynamic stability and enabling crucial movements like rotation and lifting of the arm. The extensive range of motion provided by the vállízület is essential for daily activities such as reaching, lifting, and throwing, but its inherent laxity requires a coordinated effort from muscles and ligaments to maintain its position. Injuries to the shoulder joint can range from sprains and strains to dislocations and fractures, often affecting the rotator cuff, labrum, or the joint itself.