voltooïng

Voltooiing is a Dutch term that refers to the act or state of being finished or completed. In everyday language it denotes completion or finalization of a task or process. In linguistic usage, voltooiing is connected to the concept of completion aspect, which marks that an action has been completed relative to a reference time.

In Dutch grammar, the notion of voltooiing is closely tied to several established terms. The voltooid tegenwoordige tijd (present perfect) and voltooid verleden tijd (past perfect) express actions that are completed before the reference moment. The voltooid deelwoord (past participle) is the form used to indicate completion in compound tenses and is a key element of the perfecte (perfect) aspect. The broader term voltooiing is therefore used to classify the perfective or completed nature of actions, in contrast with onvoltooid (uncompleted) aspects such as the imperfect or present simple.

Etymology and spelling: voltooiing derives from the verb voltooiën (to complete, finish), with voltooi- as the stem and -ing as the suffix forming a noun meaning the act of completing. The standard spelling in modern Dutch is voltooiing; some orthographic variants may appear in older texts or typographic contexts as voltooiïng.

Applications span education, grammar references, and linguistic descriptions of how Dutch encodes completed actions. Understanding voltooiing helps explain why certain tenses signal finished states and how participles function in forming compound constructions.

See also: voltooid deelwoord, voltooid tegenwoordige tijd, voltooid verleden tijd, voltooien, imperfectum, perfectum, aspect.