volkanisk

Volkanisk is an adjective used in several Nordic languages to describe things related to volcanoes, volcanic activity, or volcanic rocks. In geology, volkanisk denotes rocks and processes that originate from volcanic activity, in contrast to plutonic rocks formed underground. The term corresponds to the English word volcanic. It is commonly used for rock classification, descriptions of eruptions, and studies of volcanic landscapes in Norwegian and Swedish geology.

Volkaniske bergarter are igneous rocks formed from lava erupted onto or near the surface, or from volcanic ejecta. They are typically extrusive or pyroclastic, often with fine-grained or glassy textures due to rapid cooling, and may be vesicular from trapped gases. Common volkaniske rock types include basalt, andesite, rhyolite, and dacite, as well as volcanic glass such as obsidian, and pyroclastic rocks like pumice, tuff, and volcanic breccia.

Textures vary from aphanitic to porphyritic, glassy, or vesicular. Formation processes include effusive lava flows and explosive eruptions, which create a range of surfaces and minerals. The term also helps distinguish volcanic rocks from plutonic (intrusive) rocks.

Volkanisk materials are used in geology to infer tectonic settings, eruption history, and hazard assessments, and they occur globally from mid-ocean ridges to subduction zones.