vloeibare

Vloeibare is the Dutch term for liquids, used to describe substances in the liquid state. In physics and chemistry, liquids are one of the fundamental states of matter, characterized by a definite volume but no fixed shape. Liquids flow and take the shape of their container, unlike solids and gases.

Key properties include viscosity, surface tension, and density. Viscosity measures resistance to flow and varies widely among liquids: water is relatively mobile, while syrups are thick. Liquids are often treated as incompressible in practical terms, though they compress slightly under pressure.

Liquids can mix to form solutions (miscible) or separate into layers (immiscible). They may form emulsions, foams, or gels depending on components and conditions. The state changes with temperature and pressure: heating can cause vaporization to gas, while cooling leads to freezing into a solid.

In classification, Newtonian liquids have constant viscosity regardless of shear rate, such as water or ethanol; non-Newtonian fluids change viscosity with stress, as seen in honey, toothpaste, or ketchup. Liquids are essential in science and industry as solvents, fuels, lubricants, and in countless biological and environmental processes.