vitroembryos

Vitroembryos are embryos that have developed outside a living organism, typically in a laboratory setting, using assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The term reflects the origin of these embryos in vitro, in a controlled culture environment, before transfer to a uterus or use in research. Not all embryos grown in the lab are implanted; some are stored or donated.

After fertilization in the lab, the embryo undergoes several divisions, progressing from a zygote to a multicellular embryo and, in many cases, to a blastocyst suitable for transfer. Cultures mimic physiological conditions, using nutrient media, controlled temperature, and a specific gas mixture. Embryos may be cultured for a few days or longer, depending on clinical plans and regulatory rules.

Vitroembryos are central to IVF treatment. Selected embryos may be transferred to the uterus to achieve implantation. Surplus viable embryos may be cryopreserved for future cycles, donated for research, or discarded according to patient choice and regulatory guidelines. For genetic considerations, a biopsy may be performed on a blastocyst for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT).

Outcomes depend on maternal age, embryo quality, and laboratory conditions. Ethical and legal frameworks governing the creation, use, and disposal of vitroembryos vary by country and culture, addressing issues such as embryo status, consent, and freezing protocols. Research continues to refine culture systems and selection methods to improve safety and success rates.