vitrektómia

A vitrectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the vitreous humor, the gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina in the back of the eye. This procedure is most commonly performed to treat various retinal diseases and conditions that affect vision.

The primary reasons for undergoing a vitrectomy include conditions like diabetic retinopathy, where abnormal blood vessels grow on the retina and can bleed into the vitreous, causing floaters or vision loss. It is also used to treat macular holes, which are small tears in the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. Retinal detachments, where the retina pulls away from the back of the eye, can also be treated with a vitrectomy, often in conjunction with other surgical techniques. Furthermore, persistent vitreous hemorrhage, or bleeding into the vitreous that doesn't clear on its own, and certain types of eye infections or inflammation can necessitate a vitrectomy.

During the surgery, small incisions are made in the eye to insert specialized instruments. The surgeon carefully removes the vitreous humor and then addresses the underlying condition. The space previously occupied by the vitreous is typically filled with a saline solution, a gas bubble, or silicone oil, depending on the specific needs of the patient and the condition being treated. Post-operative care involves eye drops to prevent infection and inflammation, and the patient may need to maintain specific head positions to aid healing.