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Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It describes the internal friction of a moving fluid. A fluid with large viscosity resists motion because its molecular makeup gives it a lot of internal friction. Conversely, a fluid with low viscosity flows easily because its molecular makeup results in very little friction when it is in motion.

Viscosity is temperature-dependent. For liquids, viscosity typically decreases with increasing temperature because the molecules move more freely at higher temperatures. For gases, viscosity increases with increasing temperature because the molecules collide more frequently and with greater force.

Viscosity is an important property in many fields, including engineering, chemistry, and geology. In engineering, it is crucial for designing systems that involve fluid flow, such as pipelines and hydraulic systems. In chemistry, viscosity is used to characterize liquids and solutions. In geology, it helps understand the behavior of magma and lava.

Viscosity is measured in various units, including Pascal-seconds (Pa·s), Poise (P), and centipoise (cP). The most common unit is the Pascal-second, which is derived from the SI system. One Pascal-second is equivalent to one Newton-second per square meter.

Viscosity can be measured using various methods, including the Ostwald viscometer, the falling ball viscometer, and the rotational viscometer. Each method has its advantages and limitations, depending on the type of fluid and the required accuracy.