viriaal
Viriaal is a term used in physics to refer to two related concepts: the virial theorem and the virial expansion. The term is widely employed in classical mechanics, astrophysics, and statistical mechanics, and its Dutch spelling is viriaal.
The virial theorem relates time-averaged quantities in a bound mechanical system. For a system of N particles
The virial expansion is a framework in statistical mechanics for expressing the equation of state of a
See also: virial coefficient, virial expansion, Mayer expansion, virial theorem.