videoformat

Videoformat is a general term used to describe the specification for storing and transmitting digital video data. In common usage it may refer to a container format that bundles video and audio streams and other data, or to a video encoding format (codec) used to compress the video data. A file typically combines a container with one or more codecs, along with metadata, subtitles, and timecode information.

Container formats define how streams are multiplexed and stored within a file. Common containers include MP4, MKV, AVI, MOV, WebM, and FLV. The container sets the structure for tracks, metadata, and compatibility, but does not by itself determine how the video is encoded. The actual video and audio data are usually compressed with codecs.

Codecs such as H.264/AVC, H.265/HEVC, VP9, and AV1 perform the compression of the video stream. A file may use a specific container and a chosen video codec plus an audio codec (for example, an MP4 file with H.264 video and AAC audio). Other properties that influence quality and compatibility include resolution, frame rate, bitrate, color depth, chroma subsampling (for example 4:2:0), and color space (BT.709, BT.2020).

Video formats are used for distribution, broadcasting, archival, and editing. Streaming implementations often employ additional standards and protocols such as DASH or HLS, sometimes leveraging CMAF for efficient delivery. As technology evolves, newer codecs like AV1 gain adoption alongside ongoing use of established formats, balancing quality, efficiency, and compatibility.