vestibulární

The vestibulary system refers to the vestibular apparatus, a sensory system located in the inner ear that plays a crucial role in maintaining balance and spatial orientation. It is responsible for detecting the position and movement of the head relative to gravity. The vestibular system consists of three semicircular canals, two otolith organs (utricle and saccule), and the vestibular nerve, which transmits sensory information to the brain.

The semicircular canals are fluid-filled tubes arranged in three planes at right angles to each other. They contain a gelatinous substance called endolymph, which moves in response to head movements, stimulating hair cells that send signals to the brain via the vestibular nerve. This information helps the brain to maintain equilibrium and coordinate eye movements.

The otolith organs, located in the vestibule of the inner ear, contain otolithic membranes that are rich in calcium carbonate crystals. These membranes are stimulated by the force of gravity, which causes the crystals to settle and bend the hair cells, sending signals to the brain. This information is essential for maintaining posture and balance.

The vestibular system is interconnected with other sensory systems, such as the visual and proprioceptive systems, to provide a comprehensive sense of spatial orientation. It is also involved in various reflexes, including the vestibulo-ocular reflex, which helps stabilize the eyes during head movements.

Disorders of the vestibulary system can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, and imbalance. These conditions can be caused by various factors, including inner ear infections, head trauma, or degenerative diseases. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include medications, physical therapy, or surgical interventions.