ventroglúteo

Ventroglúteo, also known as ventrogluteal region, refers to a anatomical area of the hip used predominantly for intramuscular injections. It is formed by the gluteus medius and minimus muscles and lies on the lateral aspect of the hip. The term is used in several languages, including Portuguese and Spanish, as well as in medical English.

Anatomy and boundaries. The ventroglúteo site is bounded anteriorly by the tensor fasciae latae, posteriorly by the gluteus medius, and inferiorly by the ilium and iliac crest. The injection is placed within the thick mass of the gluteus medius (and sometimes portion of the gluteus minimus), away from the greater sciatic foramen. This location reduces the risk of injury to the sciatic nerve and major vessels compared with other gluteal sites.

Clinical significance. The ventroglúteal site is widely recommended for intramuscular injections because of the substantial muscular mass and relatively few nearby critical structures. It is considered safe for adults and children older than about three years, and is commonly used for vaccines and other IM medications. Typical injection volumes vary with age and muscle development, generally ranging from 2 to 5 milliliters in adults.

Technique and landmarks. To locate the site, identify the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the iliac crest. With the patient positioned on their side or on their back, orient the hand so that the index finger points toward the ASIS and the middle finger toward the iliac crest, forming a triangle between them. The injection is given in the center of this triangle, with the needle entering perpendicular to the skin. Needle length depends on patient size and fat distribution.

Variations and considerations. In infants or certain conditions, alternative IM sites (such as the vastus lateralis) may be preferred. Proper technique and site selection aim to maximize safety and minimize complications.