vektormagnetometer

A vektormagnetometer is an instrument used to measure the vector quantity of a magnetic field. Unlike scalar magnetometers which measure only the magnitude of the magnetic field, a vektormagnetometer determines both the strength and direction of the magnetic field. This is typically achieved by measuring the field's components along three orthogonal axes, usually designated as x, y, and z.

Different types of vektormagnetometers exist, employing various physical principles. Fluxgate magnetometers are common, utilizing the saturation of ferromagnetic cores to detect magnetic field variations. Proton magnetometers, while primarily scalar, can be configured to provide vector information by employing multiple sensors or additional processing. Optically pumped magnetometers, such as alkali-vapor magnetometers, also offer high sensitivity and can be adapted for vector measurements.

The output of a vektormagnetometer is a set of values representing the magnetic field strength along each of the defined axes. From these components, the total magnetic field magnitude and its direction (e.g., inclination and declination) can be calculated.

Vektormagnetometers find applications in various fields. In geophysics, they are used for magnetic surveying to study the Earth's magnetic field, detect mineral deposits, and map geological structures. In space exploration, they are crucial for understanding planetary magnetic fields and the interaction of spacecraft with the space environment. Navigation systems, such as those used in submarines and aircraft, also rely on magnetic field measurements provided by vektormagnetometers. Their ability to provide directional information makes them indispensable for tasks requiring precise spatial orientation and mapping of magnetic phenomena.