vastuvõtuvuse

Vastuvõtuvus, often translated as susceptibility, is a fundamental concept in physics, particularly in electromagnetism and magnetism. It describes a material's ability to become polarized or magnetized in response to an external electric or magnetic field. Essentially, it quantifies how easily a material responds to these applied forces.

In electromagnetism, electric susceptibility ($\chi_e$) relates the induced electric polarization of a dielectric material to the applied electric field. A high electric susceptibility indicates that a material can easily store electrical energy when subjected to an electric field. Conversely, magnetic susceptibility ($\chi_m$) quantifies a material's response to an external magnetic field. It measures how much a material becomes magnetized compared to the applied magnetic field. Materials can have positive, negative, or even frequency-dependent susceptibility, leading to diverse magnetic behaviors like paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and ferromagnetism. Understanding vastuvõtuvus is crucial for designing and analyzing various electrical and magnetic devices, from capacitors and insulators to magnetic storage media and sensors. It is a dimensionless quantity.