vasopressorinduced

Vasopressor-induced refers to responses or complications arising from vasopressor therapy used to treat hypotension. While vasopressors restore mean arterial pressure and organ perfusion, their effects can include adverse sequelae related to dose, duration, and patient factors.

Vasopressors act mainly through alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction, with beta-adrenergic effects on heart rate and contractility; some act via nonadrenergic pathways such as vasopressin V1 receptors. Common agents include norepinephrine, epinephrine, phenylephrine, vasopressin, dopamine, and angiotensin II.

Indications include septic and cardiogenic shock and refractory hypotension. They are part of a resuscitation strategy alongside fluids and inotropes, with the aim of maintaining adequate perfusion while limiting excessive vasoconstriction.

Potential complications range from extravasation-induced tissue injury to systemic ischemia of the limbs, gut, or kidneys, and to hypertension, tachyarrhythmias, ischemia, and lactic acidosis. Risk is higher with preexisting vascular disease or advanced age.

Monitoring entails hemodynamic assessment, urine output, lactate, and signs of perfusion. Management focuses on careful dosing, prompt adjustments, and treating complications (e.g., extravasation with appropriate measures). Clinical management should be guided by current guidelines and individualized to the patient, with an emphasis on minimizing exposure and timely weaning when feasible.