vasculitások

Vasculitides are a group of rare diseases characterized by inflammation of blood vessel walls. This inflammation can affect blood vessels of any size and in any part of the body, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. When blood vessels become inflamed, their walls can thicken, weaken, or narrow, leading to reduced blood flow or even rupture. This can damage vital organs and tissues.

The exact causes of vasculitis are not fully understood, but they are believed to be autoimmune disorders, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own blood vessels. Triggers can include infections, certain medications, or genetic predisposition. Symptoms vary widely depending on which blood vessels are affected and how severely. Common signs and symptoms can include fever, fatigue, weight loss, skin rashes, joint pain, and organ-specific problems affecting the kidneys, lungs, eyes, or nervous system.

Diagnosis involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests to detect inflammation and specific antibodies, and imaging studies such as angiography to visualize blood vessels. A biopsy of an affected blood vessel or organ may be necessary for definitive diagnosis. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, prevent organ damage, and manage symptoms. This often involves corticosteroids and immunosuppressant medications. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing long-term complications.