variátor

A variator, also known as a continuously variable transmission (CVT), is a type of automatic transmission that can change seamlessly through a continuous range of effective gear ratios. This differs from other transmissions that have a fixed number of gears. The primary advantage of a variator is its ability to keep the engine operating at its most efficient or powerful speed, regardless of the vehicle's speed.

The most common type of variator uses two pulleys connected by a belt or chain. Each pulley consists of two conical halves that can move closer together or farther apart. As the halves of one pulley move closer, its diameter effectively increases, while the diameter of the other pulley decreases. This change in diameter alters the effective gear ratio. By continuously adjusting the pulley diameters, the variator can provide an infinite number of gear ratios within its operating range.

Variators are often found in small cars, scooters, snowmobiles, and some ATVs. Their efficiency in optimizing engine performance for fuel economy and smooth acceleration has led to their increasing popularity. However, some drivers may find the distinct "rubber band" sensation of a variator, where engine RPMs don't directly correlate with vehicle speed in the same way as a traditional transmission, to be unusual. Despite this, variators offer a distinct advantage in maintaining optimal engine operation for a wide range of driving conditions.