vancomysiini
Vancomysiini, known in English as vancomycin, is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. It binds to the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of peptidoglycan precursors, inhibiting transglycosylation and cell wall synthesis, which leads to bactericidal activity against susceptible organisms. It is generally not active against most Gram-negative bacteria due to the outer membrane barrier.
Indications include serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus species, and certain enterococci when
Pharmacokinetics and administration: vancomycin is given intravenously for systemic infections and orally for intestinal infections. It
Adverse effects and safety: potential nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are concerns, particularly with high trough levels or
Resistance: resistance can occur, most notably in enterococci (vancomycin-resistant enterococci, VRE) due to alterations of the
History: vancomycin was discovered in the 1950s from Streptomyces orientalis and introduced clinically in the late