vanadiumoksidkatalysatorer

Vanadium oxide refers to a group of inorganic compounds composed of vanadium and oxygen. Vanadium can exhibit oxidation states from +2 to +5, leading to several binary oxides, the most well known being VO, V2O3, VO2, and V2O5. Among these, VO2 and V2O5 are the most widely studied for their distinctive properties and applications.

VO2 is a black to brown solid that undergoes a temperature‑driven metal–insulator transition near 68°C, switching from a monoclinic to a rutile structure and producing large changes in electrical conductivity and infrared transmittance. This property has spurred interest in smart window coatings, sensors, and electronic switching materials. V2O5 is an orange‑yellow compound that acts as a strong oxidizing agent. It is a conventional catalyst for the industrial oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide in the production of sulfuric acid, and it serves as a precursor for various vanadium‑oxide materials used in catalysis and energy storage.

Other vanadium oxides, such as V2O3 and VO, exist in smaller or more specialized roles, including studies of magnetic, electronic, and catalytic behavior. Vanadium oxides are also investigated for use in energy storage, including electrode materials and components in vanadium redox flow batteries, where vanadium ions participate in redox couples in solution.

Occurrence and production are tied to vanadium-bearing ores and minerals. Industrial production typically derives V2O5 and related oxides from vanadium-containing feedstocks by oxidation and subsequent processing. Safety considerations include the potential respiratory and environmental hazards associated with vanadium compounds; appropriate handling and controls are required in industrial and laboratory settings.